Friday, June 29, 2007

Many People With Early Dementia Can Drive Safely, Say Experts

Many people with early dementia are capable of driving safely, say researchers in this week's BMJ.

Society's perception of older drivers tends to be negative, write Professor Desmond O'Neill and colleagues. Yet surveys of drivers aged more than 80 consistently show prudent driving behaviours. Furthermore, stopping driving can limit access to family, friends, and services and is an independent risk factor for entry into a nursing home.

Thursday, June 28, 2007

USA Today Series Examines Issues Related To Elder Care

USA Today on Monday published several articles on issues related to elder care as part of a five-day series. Headlines and summaries appear below.
  • "Becoming 'Parent of Your Parent' an Emotionally Wrenching Process": "Caring for elderly parents ... can threaten the emotional health," as well as the physical health, of caregivers and their families, USA Today reports (Fetterman [1], USA Today, 6/25).

  • "Elder Care Shifting Away From Nursing Homes": A "shift away from institutionalized care is growing" among adult children who care for their elderly parents because of "the growth of less-restrictive types of care," such as assisted-living facilities and supervised adult day care, USA Today reports (Block, USA Today, 6/25).

  • "Growing Up Meant Becoming a Caregiver": The article profiles Ray Payton, a Virginia woman who cares for both of her grandparents in their home and works two jobs to pay for their expenses (Fetterman [2], USA Today, 6/25).

  • "Many Worry About Being Able To Care for Relatives in the Future": Almost half of the 59% of baby boomers who do not offer personal or financial help or both to their elderly parents have concerns about their ability to offer such help in the future, according to a USA Today/ABC News/Gallup poll, USA Today reports (Fetterman [3], USA Today, 6/25).

  • "Proposed Legislation Would Help Caregivers With Financial, Day Care Aid": Lawmakers have proposed several bills that seek to reduce costs for family caregivers -- some of which would provide caregivers with tax credits of as much as $3,000 annually -- but Congress "hasn't passed any of the proposals in final form," USA Today reports (Fetterman [4], USA Today, 6/25).

Broadcast Coverage
ABC News recently broadcast three reports in conjunction with the USA Today series. Summaries appear below. Expanded ABC News coverage is available online.

  • "Companies Help Employees Care for Parents": The "World News" segment includes comments from Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.); Scott Weisburg, vice president of benefits and compensation at General Mills; and Verizon and General Mills employees who care for their elderly parents (Jamieson, "World News," ABC, 6/23). Video of the segment and expanded coverage are available online.

  • "Tech Tools Let Seniors To Stay Independent": The "Good Morning America Sunday" segment includes comments from Jeffrey Kaye -- director of the Oregon Center for Aging and Technology, which develops technology to help elderly individuals live independently -- and a family that uses ORCATECH products ("Good Morning America Sunday," ABC, 6/24). Video of the segment and expanded coverage are available online.

  • "'Fraiser' Star's Family Struggle With Alzheimer's": The "This Week" segment includes a discussion with actor David Hyde Pierce (Stephanopoulos, "This Week," ABC, 6/24). Video of the segment and expanded coverage are available online.

Wednesday, June 27, 2007

Program Aims To Provide Affordable Health Insurance To Early Retirees

The HR Policy Association, which represents 250 of the largest employers in the U.S., on Saturday announced the Retiree Health Access program, which is intended to provide affordable health coverage for former employees age 55 to 64, the New York Times reports. According to the Times, "layoffs, employee buyouts and sending jobs offshore" have contributed to a pool of approximately 800,000 early retirees who no longer are eligible for employer-sponsored health insurance, too young to apply for Medicare and unable to afford private insurance.

Saturday, June 23, 2007

Consumer Protections Sorely Lacking For Older And Disabled Americans Enrolled In Medicare Private Drug Plans, Consumer Group Testifies

Older and disabled Americans enrolled in Medicare private drug plans lack consumer protections needed to guarantee access to prescription drugs at affordable prices, the Medicare Rights Center testified today at a hearing of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health.

Problems continue to plague the Medicare drug benefit program eighteen months after it took effect, testified the Medicare Rights Center, a national consumer service group. Enrollees in the Medicare drug benefit, available only through private drug plans, are still having difficulty securing - and maintaining - enrollment in an appropriate Medicare private drug plan, accessing affordable medicines through the low-income subsidy known as "Extra Help," and getting needed medicine through Medicare private drug plans.

Thursday, June 21, 2007

Focused Regimens Keep Aging Mind Sharp, Says New Publication - The Journal Of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences

Treatments to keep the brain healthy can be just as effective as exercise is for the body, according to the latest special issue of The Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences. The volume, titled "Cognitive Interventions and Aging," features research devoted to methods for preserving mental function - from training routines and medication to more modern approaches such as civic engagement and the use of technology.

The publication was guest edited by Richard Schulz, PhD of Florida State University.

Ten articles are presented in total:
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Michigan's Searchable Prescription Price Web Site Expands To 150 Drugs

The Michigan Department of Community Health on Thursday announced that it will add the information on an additional 120 prescription drugs to a state-run Web site that allows consumers to search drug prices, the AP/Detroit News reports. Users can search the site -- michigandrugprices.com -- by ZIP code and pharmacy. The site previously had listed price information for 30 drugs. New features on the site will allow users to find driving directions to pharmacies and file complaints with the state when they find inaccurate information or suspect price gouging.

In May, state Attorney General Mike Cox (R) criticized the health department for excluding the 120 drugs from the site. Cox had conducted surveys that showed wide disparities in prices for the same drugs at pharmacies "just miles apart," the AP/News reports.

Health department Director Janet Olszewski said, "We believe the increased utility of the state's Web site will give citizens the access they deserve and the ability to save thousands of dollars on their prescription drugs per year." She added, "We want citizens to have the ability to report possible prescription drug pricing inaccuracies as soon as possible, since prescription drug prices can vary daily" (AP/Detroit News, 6/14).

Tuesday, June 19, 2007

Suicide And Sleep Disturbances Among The Elderly Linked

Self-reported sleep complaints among the elderly serve as a risk factor for completed suicide, according to a research abstract presented at SLEEP 2007, the 21st Annual Meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies (APSS).

The study, conducted by Rebecca Bernert of Florida State University, focused on data that were collected among 14,456 community elders over a 10-year period. During this time frame, 21 individuals died by suicide. When each suicide was matched to 20 randomly-selected controls, it was discovered that disturbances in sleep, independent of depression, predicted an increased risk for eventual death by suicide.

"This suggests that, as a warning sign, poor sleep quality constitutes a significant and modifiable risk factor for completed suicide," said Bernert. "Evaluating sleep among at-risk patients may therefore guide and importantly inform both clinical decision-making and suicide risk assessment."

Disabled entrapped by ID rules

A week after his first birthday, Bobby Hartwell's parents dropped him off at the Colorado State Home and Training School for Mental Defectives northwest of Denver.

He never saw them again.

For the next 30 years, Hartwell, who has cerebral palsy and mental retardation, lived at the school and at a nursing home. In 1980, Wade Blank, a preacher and activist for the disabled, got Hartwell out, helped him get public assistance and a home, and taught him to live on his own.

Now, at 57, Hartwell may lose it all, starting with his apartment - because he can't prove he's a U.S. citizen.

Hartwell's dilemma is the result of new rules - a 2006 Colorado law, federal requirements in the 2006 Deficit Reduction Act, and 2004 homeland security legislation - aimed at thwarting terrorists and barring public benefits for undocumented residents.

Monday, June 18, 2007

The other story from a 'Pillow Angel'

from Kathryn Wyeth

Three years ago, a 6-year-old Seattle girl called Ashley, who had severe disabilities, was, at her parents' request, given a medical treatment called "growth attenuation" to prevent her growing. She had her uterus removed, had surgery on her breasts so they would not develop and was given hormone treatment. She is now known by the nickname her parents gave her -- Pillow Angel.

The case of Ashley hit the media in January after publication of an article in a medical journal about her treatment. It reappeared in the news recently because of the admission by Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center that the procedures its doctors had performed to stop Ashley from growing and reaching sexual maturity violated state law. In Canada (as in Australia), a child can be sterilized only with the consent of a court.

At the time of the initial publicity about growth attenuation, Ashley's parents wrote on their blog: "In our opinion only parents of special needs children are in a position to fully relate to this topic. Unless you are living the experience, you are speculating and you have no clue what it is like to be the bedridden child or their caregivers."

I did live the experience. I lived it not as a parent or caregiver but as a bed-ridden growth-attenuated child. My life story is the reverse of Ashley's.

Relationship between Number of Medical Conditions and Quality of Care

Background There is emerging concern that the methods used to measure the quality of care unfairly penalize providers caring for patients with multiple chronic conditions. We therefore sought to study the relationship between the quality of care and the number of medical conditions a patient has.

Attention Training May Help Older Adults Improve Concentration

Can a fitness program for your brain improve thinking and concentration the way lifting weights can increase muscle strength? Early results from a Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center study suggest that attention training can change brain activity so older adults can block out distractions and improve concentration.

Findings from the study, which used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to record brain activity, were presented today (June 14) at the Organization for Human Brain Mapping conference in Chicago.

"There are a growing number of activities, from crossword puzzles to Sudoku, promoted as ways to keep our minds young," said Jennifer Mozolic, a Wake Forest graduate student who presented the results. "Our early data suggest that attention training is indeed a way to reduce older adults' susceptibility to distracting stimuli and improve concentration."

Sunday, June 17, 2007

Here we go again

The recent fight in Michigan over our MICHOICE (HCBS) waiver funding for the rest of this fiscal year shows how far we have to go to get people to understand why community based long term care is a critical policy initiative. It seemed fine with the legislature that the waiver would close down for the rest of the 07 fiscal year, and more than $20 million in additional nursing home costs would be generated by those who wanted to stay in or go to the community, but couldn't. All this in a battle over spending too much money.

The fight was over politics, and once again, our legislators forgot that these decisions affect people's lives. Apparently, after a while, it all seems like a game of online poker, with someone else's money.

Now that constituents are complaining about being left in institutions, perhaps something will be done.

Stay tuned...

Saturday, June 16, 2007

What to do about Health Care?

What to do about Health Care? (Michael Goodfellow, May 29, 2007)


Charles asked me to write something about the health care system in the U.S., but before I do that, I should add a few words about my own situation. The opinions below could be read as a rant by some overpaid techie who has never been sick a day in his life. Sadly, that is not the case. I sustained a spinal chord injury at age 7, and have spent the rest of my life in a wheelchair. Long-term paralysis leads to other complications, and so I now have multiple serious conditions. I have seen more than my share of the health care system.

Working in the computer industry, I always had health insurance, first as an employee (even of a 4-person startup company), then as an independent contractor. In the 10 years I did contract work, I saw my insurance payments go from $200 a month to $800 a month. Two months ago, I was hit with an increase to $1000 a month. Due to further declines in my health, I decided to go on Social Security Disability. Medicare starts only after a two year wait, which ends in July. So I’m about to experience the joys of government health care, like it or not.

AHCA Praises Senators Dodd & Burr For Working To Ensure Fire Safety In USA's Nursing Homes - Patient Safety Essential To Quality Nursing Home Care

The American Health Care Association (AHCA) praised U.S. Senators Christopher Dodd (D-CT) and Richard Burr (R-NC) for introducing legislation yesterday that will improve nursing home patient safety by making certain every nursing facility in America is equipped with automatic fire sprinkler systems. Ensuring fire safety for nursing home patients has long been a priority for AHCA and its members.

"Senators Dodd and Burr introduced the Nursing Home Fire Safety Act of 2007, adding momentum on Capitol Hill to pass a bipartisan bill to better protect America's frail, elderly, and disabled citizens, and we thank them for their attention to this critical matter," stated Bruce Yarwood, Pres

"As our profession works to further broaden its quality mission, we understand our first, most basic priority, is to guarantee the physical safety of frail, elderly, and disabled residents within each long term care facility," stated Yarwood. "Patient safety is an essential part of quality long term care; and while nursing home fires are rare, this bill brings necessary, renewed attention to fire prevention, and ensuring every facility in the nation is equipped with a modern, effective fire sprinkling system."

Friday, June 15, 2007

Action Alert: Congress Continues To Consider Cuts To Homecare Programs, USA

Congress needs to hear loud support for homecare programs, particularly for the home oxygen benefit and for changes to competitive bidding. Medicare bills are percolating in Congress right now and cuts to homecare are being considered.

The Senate Finance Committee is moving forward on a bill that would expand as well as reauthorize the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) to cover more children. This bill would have a large price tag in the $40 to $50 billion range. That means that under the current pay-as-you-go rules, Congress will be looking for offsets (spending cuts elsewhere) or tax increases to pay for the SCHIP bill. Some targets could yield a lot of money - for instance reducing payments to the Medicare Advantage plans or increasing tobacco taxes. Cuts to home medical equipment would yield much smaller savings, but apparently HME cuts are on the table, according to CongressDaily. Earlier this week, Senate Finance Chair Max Baucus (D-Mont.) discussed possible cuts with several other committee members - ranking member Charles Grassley (R-Iowa), Orrin Hatch (R-Utah), and Jay Rockefeller (D-W.Va.).

National Data Points To Improved Nursing Home Quality, USA

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's (AHRQ) release of its second annual State Snapshots based on the National Healthcare Quality Report highlights the improved quality in our nation's nursing homes - improvements made possible by an unprecedented ongoing partnership and cooperation between QIOs and individual nursing homes in every state. The QIOs are state-based organizations that provide hands-on assistance to local health care providers and entities to help them improve the health care system.

Though the AHRQ data illustrate significant improvement in select patient outcomes, it does not reveal how the culture of cooperation between nursing homes and QIOs is accelerating the quality gains in America's long term care system.

Concern Mounts Over Caregiver Shortage

NEW YORK -- As the huge baby boomer generation surges toward retirement age, an unsettling issue grows ever more pressing: finding the work force to tend to the millions of boomers who will someday need ongoing care because of physical and mental frailties.

Alarm is spreading across the health care sector in the face of stark demographics.

Wednesday, June 13, 2007

Prepare now for future elderly care

By 2030, almost one in five Michigan residents will be age 65 or older. That may seem like a long way off, but if you can remember the last time the Tigers won the World Series, a) you'd have to agree that 23 years can go by pretty quickly and b) chances are pretty good that, come 2030, you are going to be in or approaching the over-65 crowd.

If that's still not you, consider the likelihood that you may have to take responsibility for an older person who is no longer capable of independent living. Through no fault of their own, many elderly people who were dependably there for others most of their lives will become dependent -- on their adult children, other relatives, in-home helpers and nursing homes. Thousands of such situations now exist in Michigan, and the numbers will grow dramatically, according to a report in Sunday's Free Press, straining families, finances and the health care system.

Aging population strains health care system, families

It was 2 a.m., the room was dark and Doris Wackerle, rising from the haze of sleep, didn't notice the bedside chair as she headed for the bathroom.

The 85-year-old stumbled, fell over the chair and onto the floor.

Wackerle crawled to the phone and roused her daughter, Peggy Trabalka, who lived nearby. Trabalka arrived to find her mother shaken, not hurt. But she realized that her mother's time in an independent-living center in Highland Township was nearing its end.

Tuesday, June 12, 2007

Four Alzheimer's Drug Trials Bring New Era Of Hope

Results from a series of trials on four drugs to treat Alzheimer's appear to bring a new era of hope to patients with the disease, according to scientists reporting their findings to the 2nd Alzheimer's Association International Conference on Prevention of Dementia in Washington, DC yesterday. The conference brings together over 1,000 dementia experts from around the world.

The four drugs are an anti-amyloid (Alzhemed), an inhibitor of brain cell death (Dimebon), an "Alzheimer's vaccine" (Immunotherapy Treatment AN1792), and a drug normally used to treat diabetes (Avandia).

Alzheimer's disease is thought to be caused by build up of a protein called amyloid beta which forms plaques and tangles in the brain, kills off brain cells and interferes with neuron to neuron signalling.

Approved treatments for Alzheimer's currently only relieve symptoms for a couple of years and make little impact on the amyloid beta build up and the progress of the disease. Vice president for Medical and Scientific Relations at the Alzheimer's Association, Dr William Thies said that:

"Amyloid as a cause for Alzheimer's and a primary target for therapies and preventions must be thoroughly tested."

Monday, June 11, 2007

Institute for the Future of Aging

A variety of aging policy issues.

Stroke And Head Injury Increase Alzheimer's Risk, New Study

US researchers have discovered that death of brain cells due to stroke or head injury could increase levels of amyloid-beta protein that help to make the senile plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's patients and thereby raise the risk of developing the disease.

Sunday, June 10, 2007

Antipsychotic Drugs Increase Risk Of Death In Older People With Dementia

A new study shows that use of antipsychotic drugs is associated with an early and sustained increase in risk of death when used to treat disruptive behavior of older adults with dementia.

The study suggests that both newer "atypical" antipsychotics and older conventional antipsychotics are associated with increased mortality. The highest risk appears to involve use of the older conventional drugs.

Antipsychotic drugs are approved for treating psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia and mania. But they are widely prescribed to manage behavioral symptoms of dementia, such as agitation, verbal or physical aggression and delusions, hallucinations or paranoia.

Saturday, June 9, 2007

Medicaid Spending Projected To Increase By 5.8% In FY 2008, According To Survey, CQ HealthBeat Reports

Medicaid spending will increase by an estimated 5.8% in fiscal year 2008, compared with 6.6% in FY 2007, according to an annual survey conducted by the National Governors Association and the National Association of State Budget Officers, CQ HealthBeat reports. According to the survey, all states in the past five years have implemented measures to limit Medicaid spending, "with the majority centered on freezing or reducing provider payments and managing prescription drug costs." However, the survey found that Medicaid accounts for 22% of state spending and "continues to constrict state budgets as it has for many years."

Tuesday, June 5, 2007

Policy Changes Have Direct Effect On Nursing Home CareStates that set high staffing standards for elder care in nursing homes are the only ones that c

States that set high staffing standards for elder care in nursing homes are the only ones that come close to having enough staff nurses to prevent serious safety violations, according to a new study by a professor in the UCSF School of Nursing.

The majority of the nation's elderly and disabled in nursing homes remain in situations where staffing is well below national recommendations for safe care, the study found. While no states have ideal nursing levels, those states with higher Medicaid reimbursements or higher mandated nursing levels have come closer to meeting the recommendations, according to the analysis published in the June issue of the journal "Health Services Research."

Nursing Home Placement Associated With Accelerated Cognitive Decline In Alzheimer's Disease

People with Alzheimer's disease experience an acceleration in the rate of cognitive decline after being placed in a nursing home according to a new study by the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center. The study, published in the June issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry, finds that prior experience in adult day care may lessen this association.

The observational study involved 432 older persons with Alzheimer's disease who were recruited from health care settings in the Chicago area. At baseline, they lived in the community and 196 participants were using day care services from 2 to 6 days a week for an overall mean of 1.7 days a week. At six month intervals for up to four years, they completed nine cognitive tests from which a composite measure of global cognition was derived.

On average, cognition declined at a gradually increasing rate for all participants. During the study period, 155 persons were placed in a nursing home, and placement was associated with a lower level of cognition and more rapid cognitive decline.

Monday, June 4, 2007

Yin And Yang -- Balance Could Play Key Role In Progression Of Alzheimer's Disease

Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute are challenging current thinking on the causes and prevention of Alzheimer's disease, offering a new hypothesis that could be the key to preventing this form of dementia. The researchers have found that a specific imbalance between two peptides may be the cause of the fatal neurological disease that affects more than five million people in the United States.

"We have found that two peptides, AB42 and AB40, must be in balance for normal function," said Chunyu Wang, lead researcher and assistant professor of biology at Rensselaer. "They are like the Yin and Yang in Taiji, an ancient Chinese philosophy. When the peptides are produced in the correct proportions, the brain is healthy; but when that delicate balance is changed, pathological changes will occur in the brain and the person's memories become hazy, leading to eventual dementia."

Protest at the Jack Kevorkian press conference Tuesday

Hi!
As most of you already know, Jack Kevorkian has been released from prison, and will hold a press conference on Tuesday at 1 pm in the Skyline Club on the 28th floor of the 2000 Tower of the Town Center, located at the intersection of 10 Mile Road and Evergreen in Southfield.
Pasted below is press release about the event.
Not Dead Yet is organizing a protest/presence at the press conference. Diane Coleman will be in from Chicago and it would be great if any or all of you could be there, too. If you are interested/able to go, please be in touch with Diane or Steve at
Diane Coleman/Stephen Drake
Not Dead Yet
7521 Madison St.
Forest Park, IL 60130
708-209-1500 ext 29 or 708- 420-0539
Please share this with anyone you think might be interested.
We sure wish we could be there in person, but we will definitely be there in spirit!

Bob and Marsha
PR Newswire - Press Release
Mayer Morganroth, Esq. and Dr. Jack Kevorkian To Announce, Discuss Kevorkian's Early Release and Parole on Tuesday, June 5th at 1:00 P.M. at the Skyline Club, Southfield, Michigan
05.22.07, 10:32 AM ET

WHAT: At a press conference scheduled for Tuesday, June 5th at 1:00 p.m. at the Skyline Club, Mayer Morganroth, Esq. of Morganroth & Morganroth, PLLC (Southfield, Michigan) will announce the early release of Dr. Jack Kevorkian from Lakeland Correctional Facility in Coldwater, Michigan. WHO: Dr. Jack Kevorkian, born in Pontiac, Michigan in 1928, graduated from University of Michigan's medical school in 1952 specializing in pathology. Kevorkian worked with three Michigan hospitals including: St. Joseph's, Pontiac General, and Wyandotte General. Kevorkian conducted his first assisted suicide June 4, 1990. On March 26, 1999, Kevorkian was convicted of second-degree homicide in the death of 52-year-old Thomas Youk, who suffered from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease). Dr. Kevorkian was sentenced to serve 10 to 25 years at the Thumb Correctional Facility in Lapeer, Michigan. Kevorkian has served more than eight years of his sentence, and has been previously declined for early release four times. WHEN: Tuesday, June 5, 2007 1:00 p.m. To confirm press conference attendance, please email Publicity Works, Inc. at millerj@publicityworkspr.com. WHERE: The Skyline Club 2000 Town Center, Suite 2800 Southfield, Michigan, 48075 248.350.9898 www.theskylineclub.com DIRECTIONS: I-75: 1-75 south to westbound 1-696. Exit Evergreen Road and turn left (south) on Evergreen, and right at first light past Civic Center Drive (Southfield Town Center entrance). Enter 2000 parking structure and go up and around for visitor parking on the third level.

Downtown Detroit: (To avoid The Lodge/M-10) Woodward Avenue or I-75 north to westbound I-696. Exit Evergreen Road and turn left (south) on Evergreen, and right at first light past Civic Center Drive (Southfield Town Center entrance). Enter 2000 parking structure and go up and around for visitor parking on the third level.

Enter lobby of the 2000 Tower of the Town Center. Skyline Club is located on the 28th floor.

PARKING: Self-parking is available on all levels of the parking structure. CONTACT: For media assistance contact Publicity Works, Inc. at 248.691.4466. Interview/Photo Opportunity SOURCE Mayer Morganroth, Esq. -0- 05/22/2007 P /PRNewswire -- May 22/ /Web site: http://www.theskylineclub.com / CO: Mayer Morganroth, Esq.; Morganroth & Morganroth, PLLC ST: Michigan IN: HEA MTC SU: LAW MAV JE -- CLTU062 -- 1681 05/22/2007 10:30 EDT http://www.prnewswire.com

Marsha Rose Katz
The Rural Institute
634 Eddy 025 CHC
University of Montana
Missoula, MT 59812-6696
406-243-2821
and
Social Security Advisory Board

Friday, June 1, 2007

Pilot Study Of Families' Perceptions Of Professional Caregivers' Pain Management In Persons With Dementia

Pain in persons with severe dementia is often not recognized or treated because these persons cannot communicate their needs. Family caregivers are in the best position to provide information to hospital care personnel about the patients' needs, including pain. Little research has evaluated the role of the family caregiver when patients move between care facilities. This study describes family caregivers' experiences when their family members with dementia were admitted to unfamiliar care sites and provides the caregivers' recommended changes to healthcare settings. This article is relevant to family members and healthcare professionals who care for persons with severe dementia.

Cognitive Impairment And Pain Management: Review Of Issues And Challenges

Research shows that pain is often not recognized in persons with communication problems related to brain disease. Older persons with dementia experience memory loss, and seriously ill and dying patients experience confusion. Treating pain will increase the comfort of all these persons. In this article, we review the types of problems that affect the brain and interfere with pain management, how pain is measured, what pain management approaches help, and future research needs. Those who care for adults with brain-related disease will find this article relevant.